A while ago someone asked if I could offer any advice on how to survive a war. I figured why not, and have been writing this on and off whenever I had time. So here yo go. I hope you never need this.
Nobody can tell you how to survive as war is chaotic and unpredictable and I sure hope you will never have to experience it as I have, but I can tell you what came in very handy during the 4 years of war through which I've been. To make matters worse, I was in an occupied city, fully surrounded by the enemy and on rare occasions, a corridor would open up and people could escape. I have been in countless situations where I escaped death thanks to nothing but luck (or god if you're a believer) which I could have avoided had I been wiser.
Anyways, here are some general tips that could hopefully prolong your life should you ever find yourself in a war as a civilian.
Curiousity kills. When you hear an explosion, do not go out to investigate. Do not even try to take a peak. Shrapnels kill and standing near doors and windows is not where you should be. Ever. Many people have lost their lives by not staying put and going out or just by trying to take a peak.
Avoid groups and especially avoid being in a group on open space. I survived a mortar shell explosion which was specifically targeting us because we were in a group of 10 or so people, eating apples out in the open, midday, near a UN base which was the safest place to be (towards the end of the war) and one woman was killed on the spot. I took cover behind one of the trees when I heard the mortar being fired somewhere in the distance. Avoid groups.
Get rid of things that burn easy. Incindiery ammo and hot shrapnels will set your place on fire, and if this happens, your instinct will be to try and put the fire out. Only do so if the fire is immediate danger to you.
Barricade your doors and windows. You want as few openings as possible. Filling up bags with dirt is probably the easiest way. We used potato bags and bags were scarce in general, so owning 50 or more sandbags can come in very handy should you ever find yourself in a war situation.
Food and water is #1 thing to keep in mind. There will be no electricity for years (4 years in my case) and no running water. Stock up on canned food and water. How much is enough? Think years worth of food. Food that does not spoil for years and which does not need to be refridgerated. You may need to fetch the water from a nearby well or river. Get water containers and make sure they are not white. Get them in dark green or black. White can be seen from a far and snipers will notice you a lot easier if you carry a 20L bright white water container and move slow... Also, never go to fetch the water in daylight. After midnight or before sunrise is your best bet. Stock up on water desinfection chemicals. You may have to drink water from a poluted source for years.
Cigarettes are priceless. Tobacco too. Stock up on that even if you don't smoke. You can always exchange cigarettes for anything. I have seen people collect cigarette butts and recover leftover tobacco from those and roll it out and smoke. I have seen people smoke toilet paper, coal+wood dust, tea... You'd be surprised just how valuable tobacco can be in a war. Stock up on tobacco seeds as well. You can always grow your own tobacco and trade the dried leaves.
Stock up on oil. Vegetable oil but also oil in general. Vegetable oil can be used as fuel in diesel cars and its value can be insane. Vegetable oil can be used to make light candles (with shoelaces) and while we're at it, stock up on this. Your shoelaces will thank you.
Light bulbs, flashlights and rechargeable batteries. All kinds of rechargeable batteries. Tiny, medium, large... one car battery can provide enough energy to listen to the news on radio (once a day) for months. Get a charging device. I used a bicycle and windshield motor from a damaged car to generate electricity, but solar cells or more efficient mechanical generators will make your life easier.
Amateur radios. The only way to send out a message or receive one in an occupied city, was via radio. 1 or 2 radio amateurs kept the hope for hundreds of families and if there was one thing I wish I had - it would be amateur radio scanner and a good antenna. Get two, just in case, and stock up on electrical components such as capacitors and fuses.
Soap. My mom used ashes from the fireplace to wash our clothes. Stock up on soap. Forget shampoos and other fancy stuff. Hard soap is your friend and it lasts forever.
Medicine. Antibiotics. Painkillers. Sedatives. Surgical equipment. You may have to remove a bullet and stitch someone up.
Tools - shovels, wire, nails, screws. You may have to construct a floating river electricity generator using parts from a washing mashine. Here is one on display: http://sssdzb.com.ba/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/3.jpg
Thats it for now. I'm on the road again but I'll try to update this if I remember something or if you ask for more specifics.
SpottyMatt ago
Bullets are made of lead, usually.
Lead is toxic.
There may be no surgically-immediate reason to remove the bullet when stitching up except that they will suffer from lead poisoning if you don't, and it will never be easier to remove the bullet than when the wound is fresh and you're already in there with whatever surgical ("surgical?") equipment you've got.
stradian ago
Hello Akto,
Was artillery fire was pressing threat to you or your countrymen? What were the threats that affect your morality? Were there any attempts to displace you?
hels ago
I have heard somewhere that bullets are typically completely sterile due to the heat on firing. I have no clue to the truthfulness or whether it is best not to remove it/remove it depending on situation.
fuzzysaucer ago
Are you talking about the siege of Sarajevo here? How old were you? Thanks for sharing. Most of us living in relative safety don't realise how quickly things can turn to shit.
primaryappellation ago
Pao's idea of a safe space? A pre-school for adults.
Atko's idea of a "safe space"? A goddamn sandbag.
Girthcontrol ago
Damn, that's some really good info, thanks Atko.
primaryappellation ago
But don't stock up on tetracycline antibiotics (they turn into poison over time)
Mr_Wolf ago
I've been wanting to get into amuater radio for a couple years now, and have a few cb's that I use regulary. I think I'll be ordering the book and tkijg some tests now.
Thanks
BottomLine ago
This line probably just saved me if I ever would end up in a war. I am way too curious for my own good as it is, and I most certainly will have a real hard time keeping myself from constantly checking out what's going on.
go1dfish ago
Many thanks for sharing your experience with us.
Here in America I don't think very few people ever think about the real impact of a full on shooting war happening on your own turf. We've been so far removed as a citizenry from the conflicts that our government participates in that its easy to forget how brutal things really are on the ground for even non-combatants.
ChillyHellion ago
There's so much here that I never would have thought of. I'm thankful for people like you who take this kind of terrible experience and find a way to use it to potentially help others. I hope none of us reading this ever need the information, but I appreciate you taking the time to share.
SaneGoatiSwear ago
whoa.
being a meatbag can be awesome..... but holy shit,
being a meatbag can be a mad dash for survival against a horde.
cheers, atko! keep the honey flowing out the voat-pot!
Dereliction ago
A provoking and thoughtful post, Atko! Thanks for contributing your knowledge and experience. Hopefully none of us will have to rely on your insights.
pitenius ago
It can, but looting is not a civil war. I suspect dependents will not fight a government that cannot meet its obligations. They may fight law enforcement, but national governments can work against law enforcement.
Every revolution? I'd say the "March Revolution" of 1848 was more about freedom of the press. The Iranian Revolution happened in a period of prosperity.
Fedex ago
Ohh, that's a really interesting read.
If you don't mind me asking, What and where did you study for college/university?
salabina ago
The advice that I liked most was dark canisters or receptacles for water.
hels ago
It makes perfect sense since you'll be collecting water at night. I sure wouldn't have thought of it when I am gearing up (own my own property and not moving almost every year).
PIcasso54 ago
Wow this is incredible. Atko is the Greatest of All Time.
eagleshigh ago
All he said was basic prepper knowledge. This is nothing earth shattering.
Texan_Pride ago
where were u in a war
GIF-lLL-S0NG ago
securing large quantities of lead will help you out in the long run, once people are out of ammo there gun are useless. lead will be worth more than gold.
Clientkill ago
Here's a tale from a Bosnian who had to survive during the war. Definitely a good read: https://sli.mg/Y8ebS5
Plant_Boy ago
And remember... Bottle Caps.
MorpheusGodofDreams ago
What country were you in and what are the details on the war? Also someone said that you are Muslim? Do you practice Islam or were you raised practicing Islam?
Spar7an2 ago
I really dont think Atko is muslim
MorpheusGodofDreams ago
He may not practice Islam anymore but he is from Bosnia, which has a majority of Muslims.
HermesThoth ago
Wow, thank you Atko.
I sure hope that it doesn't come to this where I live but the world is on fire and is stupid to take anything for granted these days. Things can change fast!
I'd love to read more stuff from you!
OhBlindOne ago
Damn Atko, I'm glad you survived.
My condolences, can't imagine I'd survive if I were in your shoes. Better chance now, thanks to your advice.
lettersofmarque ago
Thank you for sharing. I'm sure that wasn't easy. This information will help someone, somewhere, when they need it most, remembering that nugget of information they read years ago in an online forum. For me, I am storing away the vegetable oil advice for later use.
I know this isn't an AMA, but can you comment on the "it can't happen here" mentality? Before the war Sarajevo appeared to be a world-class, multi-cultural, modern city on rise after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Was this an incorrect perception and the inevitable was obvious to anyone, or was this a surprise?
FeelinFroggy ago
I appreciate your words and thoughts, Atko. I really hadn't thought you'd seriously dive into your personal experiences with this sort of thing, so to see you take such a no-nonsense subject that is obviously very personal and try to give everyone a glimpse - that's above and beyond, truly and honestly.
As you said yourself, may we never have to use these pieces of advice. May bright days come for all of us - but if the clouds roll in, I'll appreciate the advice even more.
Thank you, again.
Opieswife ago
So sorry you had to experience this. Thank you for sharing your advice, I hope there will be no need for it's use.
kujda ago
Thank you for the information. I hope it will never have to be used, but still it's worth to know. I'm sorry you had to go through this experience during your life. I know war only from the stories of my grandparents. Still it wasn't far from Poland to Serbia, an as a kid I remember the information in the media, about the fights in former Yugoslavia. I didn't understand much back then and didn't think that there were people my age whose childhood was completely destroyed.
AlphaWookie ago
You dream we are no where near close. I can tell you are young and do not know US history.
Consider the following the closest the US came to a civil war or collapse post civil war was in the late '60s early '70s. Back then there where multiple multi day riot in cities, that actually resulted in death counts and gun battles between the population and LEO's and national guard troops. The national guard was called out several times for civil unrest that lasted days. Some state Governor's directly challenged the authority of the federal government. There where regular political assassinations and bombings on the political left and the political right. Back then there was periods of time that there where price and wage controls used. Along with limited issues of rationing applies to goods.
Finally the clearest evidence we are no where close to collapse. Back in the '60s things got so tense at one point the White House was ringed by large passenger busses used as improvised barricades and national guard troops ringed the White House. Based on the fear of a particularly politically charged march that would result in the storming of the White House by citizens.
The present condition are nothing like the late '60s or early '70s in America nor like the conditions in late '80s USSR.
America is nowhere close to such a calamity as you envision. Basically learn more.
Joe_McCarthy ago
Haven't you recently said race war in the US is inevitable, Alpha?
lipids ago
I think you underestimate the number of discontents here. Protesting has become too expensive for many and the means of violent protest are more varied (particularly organization) that the nation can change practically overnight.
I do not think we are at a critical level of discontent but disruptive technology like self driving cars can change that quickly.
neveragainfatty ago
Within the next 10-15 years there will be no more transportation work for human drivers. Transportation is the largest employment sector in the USA. Things are going to get interesting.
Universal Basic Income, no matter your perspective on it, is going to be the hot topic once 30% hard working Americans lose their jobs to robots through no fault of their own.
Dereliction ago
People at the turn of the 20th century might have argued the same thing about the coming of the car. How many drivers (carts, buggies, wagons, etc.) lost their jobs? How many stable hands to care for all those animals? What a disaster! Except that it really wasn't.
The reality is that other avenues in the market open up as technology changes the landscape. So long as the government doesn't have it's foot on the market's throat, people will find work doing other things that the market is newly demanding.
lipids ago
How much do you know about history? Because industrialization played a huge part in two world wars and at least two genocides during the second world war. And then we still put heavy restrictions on labour to make it artificially scarce like child labour laws and the forty hour workweek.
Change is coming and the free market approach lead to war last time.
neveragainfatty ago
If you look into it technology rarely(mostly never) replaces all the jobs it destroys. You are looking at the wrong part of that equation.
Horses never found other work. Their usefulness dropped to society and their population took a dramatic decline.
There is absolutely no job market that can absorb 30% of the workforce. See CGP greys video on this.
Dereliction ago
That's because horses were the outmoded technology.
Someone will have to build and work on and manage the gigantic fleets of driverless vehicles that would replace all those workers. It's causing a shift in the market, not simply evaporating 30% of it.
neveragainfatty ago
We already have that sector covered. There won't be more vehicles on the road just less people on the road. I would also expect that the type of people who can take a quick 3 month (AFAIK) CDL class and jump into a solid middle class income career are not the type of people who can spend 4 years in college to learn the basics of maintaining a computer/mechanics system.
From the video you will see that computers are programming software more intricately than humans have and at paces that humans can't, they are learning your job and can do it FAR cheaper than you ever could. Eventually to not get rid of humans and the errors that they bring would be irrational for most employers.
Dereliction ago
Well, let me put it this way: we should fully expect that the market would find a massive pool of cheap human labor profitable for something, even if it isn't related to fleets of driverless cars. I won't predict what sort of ideas the market will come up with, but human labor will have value for the foreseeable future so long as governments don't insist that it's illegal to put it to use and limit the prices that global and national markets find as agreeable.
Claims that UBI is necessary because of some purportedly unemployable pool of human labor, well, it sort of defies any realistic expectation.
Besides, if we truly get to the point that human labor is no longer required, we'll be tiptoeing into a post-scarcity existence anyhow.
neveragainfatty ago
Cheap human labor serves to depress wages and increase unemployment in your nations youth.
Look at France. They have been importing cheap human labor since the 80s. 23.5% youth (15-25) unemployment with 10.5% overall. Spain, Greece, and Italy are even worse off.
Dereliction ago
I don't argue against that, but it's only a never-ending downpour if you continue to flood the market with labor. Otherwise, the market will bounce back because cheap labor incentivizes the creation of new businesses that want to profit from use of that inexpensive labor. As more new businesses come into play and competition for that static labor pool increases, wages rebound and the situation recuperates.
This assumes, again, that the country doesn't continue to flood its market with additional labor (i.e., France) and you don't restrict the creation of jobs based on a minimum wage. Doing both of these things is disastrous on several fronts.
Girthcontrol ago
Your objection is the most common one against technological unemployment, but because a shift to other sectors occurred in the past, doesn't mean it will happen ad infinitum.
The first industrial revolution (steam, combustion engines) obviated the need for human manual labour.
The second industrial revolution (information technology) is obviating the need for human professional services.
What's left can't employ everyone.
pitenius ago
Fellow oldfag, here. You're spot on. I don't fear a civil war as much as a currency collapse, like Argentina.
Joe_McCarthy ago
I dare say old men don't envision civil war in part because they can't see themselves fighting. And an aging population is probably the strongest argument against armed conflict. Trump supporters are mostly middle aged or elderly fat guys. The average white is 42. The average person in Atko's country in the 90s was just under 30.
pitenius ago
You have a funny definition of old. Once upon a time, the (US) draft extended to 54. It still does in other places. The people I know most likely to fight (survivalist sorts) are in their early 70s. The average CIA agent is up for a fight and about 40.
Fighting doesn't gain you much until you've identified an enemy. What, pray tell, is the enemy? Coloreds? I live in a very mixed neighborhood. For me, that's suicide. The gubbmint? That's Occupy thinking. A motivated faction could get more done with 50 assassinations than 100 days of rage or 1000 terrorist attacks. What are "sides" in this fight that old men can't see themselves having? If anything, age and experience make it unlikely that people will fight until something could be gained.
Joe_McCarthy ago
I'd think it is simple enough. Ages like 54 and 70 are not optimal fighting age. And when most people on one potential faction are in that age range it argues against a civil war occurring.
I do think it is very possible nonetheless, but unless you can cite wars where urban combat has been carried on by guys with bad knees and walkers I'm unsure what your point is.
pitenius ago
That's a military perspective. The "Mad Max" scenario depends on irregular combatants.
Defense of Petrograd: Trotsky armed the disabled. Literally guys in walkers.
Battle of Stalingrad: Check the demographics before and after. 50 year olds were certainly conscripted.
70 is certainly too old to fight.
Joe_McCarthy ago
I'm unsure if you're missing the point or arguing in bad faith.
The average Soviet male was in his 20s in those conflicts. I'm talking though about a potential armed conflict where the average combatant age is some two decades older than that. Or maybe the Volkssturm was created too late and Manstein should have used 60 year olds to spearhead the push into France.
neveragainfatty ago
I work with a lot of in shape vets who are 70+ and could kick a fat fucking fedora wearing bitchboys ass up and down the block. The biggest problem with civil war in the USA is that nearly EVERYONE is fat. Fat breeds lazy. Lazy cant go outside except for pokemon. So as long as we keep the fat faggots happy there will never be a revolution. Pokémon and other stuff like that are the distraction that the Lottery played in 1984.
Joe_McCarthy ago
Senior citizen vets would be somewhat ok as combat pilots. Arguing they'd kick ass in most other situations though is, well... I mean, how obvious can it be that combat is a young man's game?
Fat people can lose weight. There is a strong argument that war is very unlikely without the kind of collapse that would make them thin involuntarily. I don't see that as necessarily the case but people might not fight until they're eating out of garbage cans so to speak.
Codgers make poor fighters though. They will die - and in droves - but fight? Eh, probably not so much.
neveragainfatty ago
Physically fit old man vs physically fit young man and there is no questions asked as to who wins with raw reaction time and physical power. I work day in and out with veterans. Health is almost all about how high your body fat percentage is (unless you are actually genetically unlucky). The fat ones will be worthless. The only advantage they have would be lack of requiring food for upwards of a year for the morbidly obese.
These fat kids are pussies, they can't take any sort of pain (I expect due to lack of exposure). Even if they were suddenly no grocery stores they would take years to adjust, have no idea where to hunt a gluten free taco (/smirk) and probably be best served as soylent green. They can defeat their self inflicted status just by simple restraint and yet they fail day in and day out.
I think you are underestimating our codgers (thanks for the vocabulary) and overestimating the will to live, knowledge, and fight in over 70% of Americans: Fatties.
IggyReilly ago
Remember when JFK addressed the future obesity problems, tried to implement better P.E. high school programs? Why did no one listen to him? He was worried too many fatties would destroy the nation, and we would be totally unprepared for any sort of invasion.
Joe_McCarthy ago
Maybe I am. I do think you've made an interesting argument about fatsos (more vocab). But they can lose the weight. The old can't lose being old.
Old and overweight both argue against civil war though. What we might get is just increased urban riots as the welfare dries up and maybe increased militancy from young immigrants. The right-wingers inclined to fight are old and fat. The younger whites are liberal and inclined to be involved in interracial relationships.
I'm speaking in generalities. But it could be that there is no great war, after all. Just a mongrelized version of Greece or South America where things suck, people mostly just take it, and the fighting is cops vs. young minorities poor and youthful enough to be inclined to cause trouble.
Even a federal gun ban might not bring the war. Gun bans don't lead to uprisings in liberal states.
So the conservatives maybe move out or keep offing themselves as middle aged white men are increasingly doing.
Not a happy ending in any sense for those with any liking for traditional America.
Proppa ago
What's to say one will not be a catalyst for the other?
pitenius ago
Nothing. But I strongly, strongly suspect a currency crash will precipitate conflict, and the conflict will be structured around that, not some ideology or dissatisfaction.
dingomeat ago
Now that you mention it, it really does sound like the Soviet Union. I wonder how long the US has? I know there are already several groups over there agitating for balkanization.
What's your take on this democrat convention where the democrats are having anti-police speakers and angering the police?
MCVoat ago
Someone needs to write a book.
"Atko: The King of Goats"
dingomeat ago
What are the warning signs?
Techius ago
Did you go to Sweden during the war or after?
Mick ago
Thanks for the interesting post. I'm glad you made it through all those years of crap in one piece, man.
derram ago
Was there a resistance movement, and if so did they try communicating with the general public?
CONGLOM-O ago
Any other advice for having 2 small children that might not be obvious?
Lobotomy ago
Ditch 'em if you want to live. I wish I was kidding.
CONGLOM-O ago
Do you have kids?
Lobotomy ago
Irrelevant, I'm looking at this objectively. They're an insurmountable strategic burden, that no amount of well-wishing and optimism can change. I'm sure you love your children, but instinctual impulse goes by the wayside during wartime, at least, for the survivors.
Kids and wartime go together like peanut butter and 4 fluid ounces of jizzum. They WILL cry, and they WILL give up your position, and you WILL all be killed. We are not talking about a trip to Disneyland, here. Things don't just work out because you want them to. My suggestion is that if this scenario ever arises, you teach those kiddos basic survival skills, find a place to put them WELL in advance (a.k.a. right now, during peacetime), and then you leave them in that safe place and don't go back for them until things calm down.
CrazyInAnInsaneWorld ago
I sympathize with what you're getting at...I really do, but from an objective standpoint, small children are both dead weight and a massive liability. Consider the following:
An adult is generally able-bodied and another pair of capable and experienced hands. Children are inexperienced and easily distracted.
An adult can exchange labor or skill in return for consumption of supplies. A child is a caloric black hole from which very little of real use emerges until several years down the line.
An adult can generally steel themselves in a time of crisis. Children are prone to crying and/or screaming, and thus have a high risk of telegraphing your position.
I get that you're talking about 'Family', but in a survival situation, you will be forced to make choices that ensure the survival of as many able-bodied people as possible, over the survival of the few, weak, and defenseless...and that, unfortunately, includes any small children your pack may be carrying with them.
Once you get out of the conflict, children are a vital resource for rebuilding...but that can be accomplished with 1 man and any number of women. In the meantime, they become little more than noisy liabilities that suck down resources whilst providing little of real value to the scenario, in turn.
Like /u/Lobotomy , I wish I was kidding when I explained this, especially because I know where you are coming from...but survival of the Pack, as a unit, comes before survival of the Younglings. Offspring can always be made, but once the Pack is dead, that's it.
hels ago
We all hear about rape and pillaging during wartime too.
DownByTheRiver ago
There won't be any school.
Rellik88 ago
Is it safer to not be armed as a civilian, because you'll be seen as a soldier? Was crime a problem?
glennvtx ago
it is always more safe to be armed, just conceal that fact.
etzefeck ago
Be armed but always concealed. Open carrying makes you a combatant.
buggernuts ago
Thank you for the information Atko, although I'm sorry you came about this knowledge first-hand.
There are several things I had not thought of in your list. I'm not a prepper, but in today's world...
Salicaz ago
Jesus Atko! This reads like the game This War Of Mine, I think it's called, but way less fun.
go1dfish ago
That's the whole point of that game.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_War_of_Mine
It was inspired by what civilians went through in the Bosnian War (Which IIRC is the same war Atko went through)
Lindeed ago
More realistic is less fun. People stink. People die from diseases that could be treated within few days with the right medicine. People are turning into animals. If you're not from Europe region then you might want to read about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars - not so long enough, horror for millions of peoples. Report (both from UN soldiers and people who survived) are terrifying. You can't kill military outpost by yourself (like in This War of Mine). You can die from sniper bullet anywhere. You can be killed for few cigs you have.
Alias_Unknown ago
That's some solid advice Atko.
Saving this in hopes of never needing it.
I remember you talking briefly about your experience during the Serbian conflict previously. But it's hard for me to even imagine such a hellish and demoralizing atmosphere that you've been through.
God speed, king of the Goats.
Zebezian ago
If you begin using this (as in, preparing) by the time you already need it, you're probably too late to do much about anything. That's my take on it, at least.
Lindeed ago
This is a valid point. Don't wait until it's too late. Grab what you can now. It's not expensive; get yourself a lot of honey (you can keep it forever, rich in sugars and other things you'll need). Canned food (if you're from EU - it last longer than it shows on the box due to EU requirements). Astronaut food is great - easy to storage, long lasting, rich in everything you need. Buy any medicine you think you don't need every day - it might save your life during conflict and medicine is really long lasting. Buy yourself several sets of good, quality clothes. Unless you live in a place that has nice climate of ~20c all the time then you'll either need something for cold (easier) or hotness (harder). Backpack - fit it with anything you may need in a situation of evacuation. GOLD - yes, cigs are wroth a lot. Alcohol is worth a lot. But if you need something done, if you need to left the city, if you need to bribe someone - you won't bring him thousands of cigs. There's several ex-KGB (and other Russian officers) guides - what to do when war come and how to prepare for it. I recommend you reading them.
Atarian ago
Peanut butter. I cannot stress this enough.
One 400g jar of peanut butter has 2,400 calories (from memory), and that's enough to power a grown man for a day.
Alias_Unknown ago
That's fair enough. I doubt I'll have access to Voat much less the internet if this sort of situation occurs. But it's definitely a good reference to start preparing.
Shit.... I think I just qualified myself to sub to v/preppers.
Zebezian ago
It's better to prep in pairs or groups (whether in-person or just being accountable online). If you are serious about it, let me know.