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sore_ass_losers ago

Slavery had a huge impact on religious beliefs in Brazil:

In the 2010 census, 64.6 percent of Brazilians claimed to belong to the Roman Catholic Church, but with a declining tendency over the last three decades. A growing number of Brazilians belong to one of the numerous Evangelical Churches (22.2 percent in 2010 with a rising tendency). In sum, nearly 90 percent of Brazilians claim to belong to a Christian Church. The remaining 10 percent are spread between Spiritists (2 percent), adherents to an Afro-Brazilian religion (0.3 percent), agnostics or atheists (8 percent), and members of another religion, such as Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. These numbers, however, do not represent all practitioners of Spiritist or Afro-Brazilian religions since many people avoid being identified with an Afro-Brazilian tradition, despite the fact that the religions have been legalised.

So we usually think of it as a Catholic country, yet:

Chesnut estimates that half of all Brazilians have visited an Umbanda centre at least once, usually during a personal crisis and that 15–20 percent of Brazilians (app. 30 million) practise Umbanda or one of the other Afro-Brazilian religions regularly ... Especially Umbanda has the image of being a provider of physical and
spiritual healing services, which leads to the estimation that many more Brazilians attend regularly Umbanda rituals without considering themselves to be members of the religion.

Besides Umbanda and Candomblé, there's also Spiritism:

On the other side of the continuum is Spiritism, also called Kardecism. It is based on the ideas of the French schoolteacher Hyppolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (1804–1869), who published numerous books under his alias Allan Kardec, containing what he described as messages from the spirits. Shortly after their publication, his books arrived in Brazil where his teaching gained much attention. It offered those living at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century an alternative spirituality that lacked the negative connotations of the Afro-Brazilian religions. While the practice of Afro-Brazilian religions was regarded as black magic, and was legally rstricted until the 1970s (Maggie 1986), Kardecism and its numerous variations under the label espiritismo were socially and legally tolerated.

This is the background to Joao de Deus. Brazilians open to spiritual possession akin to Haitian voodoo, some of those spirit entities actually tricksters, or evil we might say.

https://www.wcaanet.org/downloads/dejalu/feb2016/Anthropos.pdf

septimasexta ago

"and members of another religion, such as Judaism" https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/brazil-virtual-jewish-history-tour Evidently, they were quite prevalent early on.

septimasexta ago

According to Jewish authorities:

"Jews first arrived in Brazil in the mid-15th century; today, the Jewish population is approximately 120,000 - the tenth largest Jewish community in the world. Although they make up around half of one percent of Brazil's population, the Jewish community is very active in several aspects of Brazilian society. According Professor Anita Novinsky, a specialist on the Jews at the University of Sao Paulo, "Brazil was made by the Jews."" https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/brazil-virtual-jewish-history-tour

I have an acquaintance who is descended from these Sephardi Brazilian plantation owners. Her parents immigrated to the U.S. to escape a worsening political/economic situation in Brazil. They keep up with jewish relatives and friends. They were of the "Sephardi-priveledged" class and continue to do quite well for themselves in the U.S. This group is no different than the former "white" slave owners in the U.S. The culture is similar. Perhaps that is why they sometimes intermarried.....

septimasexta ago

DID OCASIO-CORTEZ' ANCESTORS OWN SUGAR CANE PLANTATIONS?

"“A very long time ago, generations and generations ago, my family consisted of Sephardi... Jews.” Ocasio-Cortez told the audience of her family’s struggles as Sephardim, and how they were forced to flee into the mountains of Puerto Rico during the Spanish Inquisition and practice Catholicism as a front to escape antisemitic oppression." https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Ocasio-Cortez-I-come-from-Sephardic-Jews-who-fled-to-Puerto-Rico-573923

"Slavery in Puerto Rico" http://maxweber.hunter.cuny.edu/pub/eres/BLPR243_PIMENTEL/slavery.pdf

"isavedbygraceiOctober 23, 2016 at 11:17 AM This is quite interesting. I also just recently began a genealogical search of my family, and could not help but see the possibility that many of my fellow Puerto Ricans may in fact have some Jewish ancestry from Crypto Jews who came to settle inland, generally in the mountainous areas in order to worship freely. It was these who generally were come to be known as "Jibaros". Also, from what I can remember, is that as a child growing up in Puerto Rico, to have celebrated a feast akin to the feast of tabernacles, where we stayed in tents by the beach in order to enjoy the company of one anotherand enjoy the beauty of our land.." http://boricuagenes.blogspot.com/2016/07/a-puerto-rican-look-at-sephardic-jews.html

sore_ass_losers ago

Yes, according to this source the percentage of those who claim Judaism as their religion is negligible. Could identify as just secular Jewish, perhaps many are in the 8% agnostic atheist. Conversos could have continued as Conversos.

That philo-semitic source has:

When the Inquisition in Portugal took hold in 1497, Jews fled to places throughout the world, including Brazil. They arrived in Brazil primarily as New Christians or Conversos (Jews converted to Christianity), but many secretly practiced Judaism and began a colonization drive to settle on the land. Despite continued persecution by the Brazilian Inquisition, the New Christians successfully established sugar plantations and mills

My understanding is that back then Jews in Spain and Portugal were told they must become Christians or leave. Kind of harsh in modern terms perhaps but those were the times of absolute monarchic rule and no church-state separation. The Conversos nominally converted but 'many secretly practiced Judaism' as it here admits. The Inquisitions were designed to root out fake Christians. I find "New Christians" a misnomer. Also they imported slaves for their sugar plantations.

septimasexta ago

Excellent analysis! The true culture is not Christian. The poor formerly enslaved continue to be exploited.