Well, according to the UN's new regulations, an orphan can be a child that still has a living parent. Actually, a country can declare a kid an orphan if they do not think the kid has "proper" parenting.
"What is an orphan?  A common assumption is the belief or definition that an orphan is a child who both parents have died.  Another frequent position or definition is that an orphan is a child who lives in an orphanage.  Both of these definitions are accurate, but there is more.  When we examine the world and discuss the needs related to orphans there are more important factors to include in the definition.  Bethany Christian Services points out the reality that the majority of the world’s orphans have families.  Have families?  This is not something that holds to the common beliefs or definitions of what an orphan is.   The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th cd.), defines “orphan” in the following ways: A child whose parents are dead. A child who has been deprived of parental care and has not been adopted . . .  One that lacks support, supervision, or care."

From: http://christianadoptions.org/orphan-care/example-major-subpage/defining-orphan/