INTERNATIONAL US Intelligence-Sharing Shouldn’t Sidestep Privacy Protections by Friends of TFC • September 14, 2018 (HRW) – Buried in the confirmation hearings record of former US Central Intelligence Agency Director Mike Pompeo is an alarming observation about US surveillance that has never received the level of attention it deserves. A ruling today by the European Court of Human Rights ought to change that. In January 2017, US Senator Ron Wyden noted in a written question for Pompeo – now US Secretary of State — that even if the CIA does not directly ask another government for surveillance data, it can still receive “targeted collection against, or bulk collection that includes the communications of US persons.” Wyden went on to flag that the data vacuumed up by foreign agencies “could include the communications of U.S. political figures and political activists, leaders of nonprofit organizations, journalists, religious leaders, businesspeople whose interests conflict with those of President Trump, and countless innocent Americans.” In other words, the US may not specifically request foreign data about its own citizens in a way that ignores US protection standards – but it can sit back and receive such data without asking for it. The intelligence agencies might even get the data in bulk, as Pompeo had previously acknowledged. Ads by Amazon The European Court of Human Rights said today in Big Brother Watch and others v. the United Kingdom that countries should have specific, rights-protecting laws governing their requests of surveillance data from other governments. While the court doesn’t have jurisdiction over the US, it made an important point that is true everywhere: if authorities can simply request surveillance data from other countries at will, they could easily avoid privacy protections in their own laws. Human Rights Watch, which submitted a brief to the court on the issue of intelligence-sharing, was disappointed to see the court duck the important issue of whether this ruling applies to surveillance data a state receives through an intelligence-sharing program without making specific requests. But logically, the same concerns and human rights standards apply. US surveillance threatens the rights of people worldwide – not just US citizens or others in the United States. And if the authorities can sidestep restrictions imposed by Congress or the US courts by letting other governments do the dirty work, that would circumvent crucial checks on their spying powers. Lawmakers should sit up and take notice. Originally published by Human Rights Watch by Sarah St.Vincent https://thefifthcolumnnews.com/2018/09/us-intelligence-sharing-shouldnt-sidestep-privacy-protections/ https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/13/gchq-data-collection-violated-human-rights-strasbourg-court-rules

GCHQ data collection regime violated human rights, court rules Surveillance system revealed by Snowden breached right to privacy, Strasbourg judges say Owen BowcottLegal affairs correspondent @owenbowcott Thu 13 Sep 2018 13.16 EDTFirst published on Thu 13 Sep 2018 04.44 EDT • • • Shares 6381

The GCHQ building in Cheltenham. Photograph: GCHQ/PA GCHQ’s methods for bulk interception of online communications violated privacy and failed to provide sufficient surveillance safeguards, the European court of human rights has ruled. But the ECHR found that GCHQ’s regime for sharing sensitive digital intelligence with foreign governments was not illegal, and it explicitly confirmed that bulk interception with tighter safeguards was permissible. The ruling, which follows Edward Snowden’s whistleblowing revelations, is a comprehensive assessment by the ECHR of interception operations carried out until recently by UK intelligence agencies. The legal claims, which had already been heard by the UK’s investigatory powers tribunal, were brought by a coalition of 14 human rights groups and privacy organisations including Amnesty International, Liberty, PrivacyInternational and Big Brother Watch, as well as journalists. Advertisement

The case concerned the interception regime previously operated by GCHQ. Updated regulations are coming into force under the Investigatory Powers Act 2016. The ECHR did not examine this legislation, which already faces fresh legal challenges. The judges considered three aspects of digital surveillance: bulk interception of communications, intelligence sharing, and obtaining communications data from service providers. By a majority of five to two votes, the Strasbourg judges found that GCHQ’s bulk interception regime violated article 8 of the European convention on human rights, which guarantees privacy, because there were said to be insufficient safeguards, and rules governing the selection of “related communications data” were deemed to be inadequate.

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Read more The regime used by the UK government for sharing intelligence with foreign governments did not violate either article 8 or article 10, which guarantees freedom of speech. Not was there any evidence, the judges said, to suggest that the intelligence services were abusing their powers. The legal challenge was triggered by revelations made by Snowden in 2013, which showed GCHQ was secretly intercepting, processing and storing data about millions of people’s private communications, even when those people were of no intelligence interest. In one of the operations, called Tempora, the eavesdropping agency tapped into cables and communication networks to obtain huge volumes of internet data. Snowden praised the judgment, saying governments had been pursued through the courts for five years. “Today, we won,” he tweeted.

Edward Snowden ✔@Snowden

For five long years, governments have denied that global mass surveillance violates of your rights. And for five long years, we have chased them through the doors of every court. Today, we won. Don't thank me: thank all of those who never stopped fighting. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/13/gchq-data-collection-violated-human-rights-strasbourg-court-rules … 4:44 AM - Sep 13, 2018

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Bahw (758 words) , an Arabic word primarily designating an empty and spacious place extending between two objects which confine it, has acquired, in the architecture of the Western Muslim World, ¶somewhat varied meanings, which are, however, related to the intial meaning of the word. To this primary sense of the term, the Lisān al-ʿArab adds the following apparently derivative meaning: bahw is a tent or pavilion chamber situated beyond the rest, which suggests the idea of a pavilion d’ffering from that which it preceeds both in situation and by its spaciousness and height. One of the first examples of… Cite this page Marçais, G., “Bahw”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 30 September 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_1080 First published online: 2012 First print edition: ISBN: 9789004161214, 1960-2007 https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/international-year-book-and-statesmens-who-s-who/clinton-foundation-SIM_org_55618#d47293582e6 International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who

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Clinton Foundation (121 words) Article Table of Contents 1. General Profile

General Profile The Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation (originally established as the William J. Clinton Foundation) works to improve global health and welfare. Its aims include: increased opportunities for girls and women; reduction in childhood obesity; more economic opportunities; and fighting climate change. Its initiatives mean that over 11 million people in more than 70 countries have access to HIV/AIDS medications at better prices (due to the Clin… Cite this page “Clinton Foundation”, in: International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who, Edited by: Jennifer Dilworth, Megan Stuart-Jones. Consulted online on 29 September 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-6664_iyb_SIM_org_55618

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