In Judaism, Satan is a title meaning adversary. YHWH can act as an adversary towards a group of people, for example the numbering of Israel.

And again the anger of YHWH was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah. 2Sa 24:1

And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel. 1Ch 21:1

Israel and Judah are not the same as the Synagogue of Satan of Revelation 2:9, which is about people who identify as Jews but are not really Jewish.